CLASS 8 - SOCIAL SCIENCE - HISTORY - MINIMUM LEARNING MATERIAL

 CLASS 8- SOCIAL SCIENCE – HISTORY – MINIMUM LEARNING MATERIAL

1.     Who founded the Brahmo Samaj?


Raja Ram Mohan Roy

2.     What were the different reasons people had for not sending girls to school? 

There were the following reasons for people to not send their girls to school:

a)     They feared that schools would take girls away from home.

b)    Schools will prevent them from doing their domestic duties.

c)     Girls had to travel through public places in order to reach school.

d)    Travelling to schools would have a corrupting influence on them.

e)     They felt that girls should stay away from public spaces.

3.     Why is Raja Ram Mohan Roy called the precursor of reforms?

Raja Ram Mohan Roy called the precursor of reform because it is person who help for remove sati reform for India.

4.     In the beginning many women learned at home. Give your reasons.

a)     Because of their family reputation

b)    It was not seen as a good thing as the people thought that women are only for managing kitchen and children. What would she do even if she gains education.

c)     One day they have to get married after all, all their education and money would go to waste.

5.     Which practice was banned in 1829? 

Sati Pratha was banned in 1829.

6.     What is meant by’ Universal Adult Franchise’?

All the citizen who are above 18 years have the right to vote is called universal adult franchise.

7.     Who was appointed as Chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Constitution?

Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar was appointed as the chairman of the drafting committee of the constitution.

8.     What were the immediate problems faced by Independent India?

a)     Rehabilitation of a large number of refugees.

b)    Assimilation of princely states.

c)     Ensuring the unity of a country which is full of diversity.

9.     Why was there reluctance to divide the country on linguistic lines?

The government was reluctant to divide the country on the linguistic lines because the country was already divided on the basis of religion. The partition had killed millions of people. It feared that further division of the country on linguistic lines could disrupt its unity and integrity.

10.  What did Dr. B.R. Ambedkar mean by saying that political democracy had to be accompanied by economic and social democracy? 

In his final speech to the Constituent Assembly, Dr. Ambedkar pointed out that political democracy had to be accompanied by economic and social democracy. Giving the right to vote would not automatically lead to the removal of other inequalities such as between rich and poor, or between upper and lower castes. With the new Constitution/ he said, India was going to enter into a life of contradictions. In politics (i.e. every citizen will have right to vote or contest to election or to form or join a political party) we will have equality and in social and economic life we will have inequality. In politics, we will be recognising the principle of one man one vote one value. But in our social and economic life, we shall, by reason of our social and economic structure continue to deny the principle of one man one value.  

11.  What are the main features of the Indian Constitution? How can you say that it is a ‘living document’?

Following are the main features of the Indian Constitution:

a)     The adoption of universal adult franchise i.e. All Indians above the age of 21 would be allowed to vote in state and national elections.

b)    It guaranteed equality before the law to all citizens, regardless of their caste and religious affiliation.

c)     Under the constitution man of every religion will have the same rights as of Hindus.

d)    It offered privilege for the poorest and most disadvantaged Indians.

The Indian Constitution is known as a living document because it is not static and can be amended and changed over the period of time according to the needs and requirements of the society. The fact that Indian Constitution has been amended about 100 times makes it a living document.

12.  “Many social reforms for the upliftment of women began in the 19th century”. What was the impact of these reforms towards the emancipation of women?


a)     Some legitimate measures were acquainted with raise the position of women. 

b)    For instance, Sati was proclaimed illicit (1829). Child murder was pronounced unlawful. Widow Remarriage was allowed by a law in 1856. Eligible period of young woman was raised to ten by a law which was passed in 1860. 

c)     For counteracting child’s marriage, the Sharda Act was passed in 1929. 

d)    As indicated by it, a young woman underneath 14 and a child below the age of 18 years couldn't be hitched. 

e)     In the twentieth century and particularly after 1919 the Indian national development turned into the primary propagator of social change. 

f)     Progressively, the reformers took plan of action to purposeful publicity in the Indian dialect to achieve the majority. 

g)    They additionally utilized books, shows, short stories, verse, the Press and in the thirties (1930's), the film excessively spread their perspectives. 

h)    Various people changed social orders, and religious associations endeavoured to spread training among women, to counteract marriage of youthful kids, to uphold monogamy, and to empower white collar class women to take up callings or open business. 

i)      Because of all these endeavours, the Indian women played a functioning and essential job in the battle for the autonomy of the nation.

13.  Describe Self Respect Movement.

The Self-Respect Movement is a South Asian movement with the aim of achieving a society where backward castes have equal human rights, and encouraging backward castes to have self-respect in the context of a caste-based society that considered them to be a lower end of the hierarchy. It was founded in 1925 by S. Ramanathan.